Building construction



M. TYM

Sepz. 15, 1942.

Patented Sept. 15, 1942 UNITED sTATEs PATENT OFFICE BUILDING coNsrnUc'rIoN Michael Tym, Chicago, Ill.

Application September 14, 1940, Serial No. 356,749

i 3 claims. (cl. 72-37) The present invention relates in general to a. building construction and is particularly concerned with an improved wall construction and method` whereby walls for buildings and other edifices may be constructed of greater strength, and with materially improvedwaterproof and insulating characteristics at a materially decreased cost for labor and materials.

It is a further object of the herein described invention to provide a wall construction of such character that it may be built up of standard base forming units, such as blocks, and wherein the coating material for the exposed wall surfaces, interior and exterior, is applied to the base units before assembly into the wall, thus eliminating the usual plastering Operations after the wall base structure is built.

provide an improved wall construction, wherein.

a Synthetic stone medium may be applied to the Wall base forming members while in a' plastic state prior to assembly into the wall structure, and in which the medium, upon setting, serves to reinforce the base members, waterproof and insulate the base members, secure the base members into bonded relation, and form a surface coating on the exposed wall surfaces.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved wall construction of such character that it may be assembled from a plurality of standard structural elements, these elements being so treated that after they are assembled into the wall they become united in such a manner as to form 'a wall having monolithic characteristics.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide an improved method of construction for walls and similar edifices.

In general, in constructing building walls, particularly where `it is desired to secure a plaster or stucco finish on the wall surfaces, it'has herev tofore been the usual practice to apply furring, brick, wood strips, metal laths or the like to the frame structure of the building to aiford a base structure to which the plaster coatings might be applied. For the exterior surface it isfithe usual practice -to apply a scratch coat, and after this has dried apply the usual brown coat upon which the finish coat is subsequently placed For the interior wall surface, it is usual to apply a scratch coat upon which the finish coat is thereafter placed. In order to carry out these operations, several different types of labor Will be required, with the attending loss of time between labor Operations, waiting for the coatings to become properly fixed before the subsequent coatings are applied, and etc. Moreover, walls of such construction are inherently lacking in very desirable characteristics, such as strength, wa-

' terproofing and insulating qualities, longevity without deterioration, and the like.

In order to overcome these as well as other objection'able features of walls as presently constructed, the present invention contemplates, in accordance with its general features, the provision of an improved wall construction and method of constructing the wall whereby, in one operation of treating a plurality of standard constructional units, such as blocks of cement, tile, cork and the like, and by lassembling these units into a wall, the treating medium, after being smoothed on the exposed surfaces and upon setting, will intimately bond the blocks together and also form the wall surface. In carrying out my improved method of construction, the' wall may be constructed by one class of labor, at a material saving in time. Moreover, a Wall constructed in this manner eliminates the furring, lathing and plastering Operations as now necessary in walls as generally constructed.

My improved construction produces a wall having monolithic characteristics in which the joints between the standard block units are exceptionally strong, in which the material of the block unit is reinforced over its exposed surface in a manner similar to the case hardening of steel, in which the constructional units are rendered waterproof and for this reason retain their insulating properties.

Various materials might be utilized for treating the base-forming units, but for such purpose I have found it desirable to utilize .a cementitious materia1 which may be formed into a plastic by the addition of a liquid such as water and in this state used to treat the building units before assembly into a wall. More specifically, I

' prefer to use a Synthetic stone commonly known as uTymstone." This composition will set in approximately four hours and, upon setting, forms a homogeneous structure of fine, exceptionally strong texture, suitable to form the finished wall coat. Moreover, this composition produces an faces of the openings through the blocks unexceptionally strong bond when applied to the treated,

joined surfaces of a relatively pOrOuS building For the purpose of treating the blocks, any unlt, and W111 Coat and mpregnate the SUTfeCeS suitable cementitious material which may be pre- In SuCh a manner the jOIltS be Stronger 5 pared in a plastic State and therethan the material of the base members. In fact, ttftel` Set to form a homogeneous mass may be any breakaee that might be ocasioned between utiiized. However, I have found it preferabie, blOCkS J'Oined With this COmPOSitiOII Wiii be in and have secured extremely satisfactory results,

the block, 'rather then in the J'Oiiiii- MOTeOVei', by utilizing a synthetic stone composition comthis material is particularly noted for its 1nsumomy known as "Tymet0ne lating and WaterlJrOOfing qualiteS- After these blocks have been treated, they ai'e Other ObJeCtS end features Of the iiivention immediately assembled into the wall structure, Wiii more fiiiiy appear from the foiiowing de' or at least within such time as to enable their scription, taken in conneptiOn With the eccom' being assembled before the treating material has panying drawing, which illustrates ia single em' started to set. The blocks may be laid up in any biidimei'it thereof, and iii which: desired manner, as by disposing them in courses Fie'ure 1 i a perspective view of a wall strii'cin which the ioints between the blocks ere in ture embodying the features of the present in- Staggered Imation,

ventiOn; i It will be noted that with the surfaces of the Flgiiie 2 15 a tTenSVei'Se Section taken through blocks covered. or coated With the treating maone of the standard unit constructional members teriah this material When the b1oeks are laid up composing the wall, taken substantially on line in the Wah, not (mily forms a bonding medium Of Figiiie 1? t between the blocks, but also provides a coating Figili'e 3 IS en eniefeed tienSVerSe Section on the exposed surface of the wall, as indicated through one of said members, taken Substanat I 6. Since the material is in a plastic state tlaliy on lite III-III Of Flgure 1; when the blocks are asseinhietiV into the weii,

Flgiil'e 4 1S en eniei'ged fragmentem' View' Dei'- there may be some disturbance in the uniformity tially 1n section, taken through one of the wall of the pIastje eoatmg due to handlihg and a J'01ntS Subste'iitieiiy On iine IV-IV Of Figiire 1; tendency before the material has completely set and for it to fiow a slight amount. After the blocks t Fflgure 5 1S a vle'W lllustratmg One manner m are aesemhied, 'the plastic ooating ie on the exwhich the wall units may be treated before asposed Surfaces is tspread by 'means of a rubber Sembiy iiitO a Weiisqueegee, trowel or other suitable means or man- As shown on the drawlng-- ner to fill in all imperfections in the wall faces, F0 1 DUYDOVSGS Of Illustration, I have .shown a eliniinate unevenness and provide a continuous portion of a wall structure, as generally indicated Surface having a finished appeerance ef whatat lt, this wall being constructe'd according to ever texture end hemogeneity is deshe It is the present ini/ention' o also apparent that each of the individual exposed In general' the fali is O Omposed Di a piuraiity faces of the blocks may be worked into a smooth Of Standaifd building units H which may be 40 homogeneous surface to thereby provide a wall formed solid or with openings IZ thei'ethrough, face having a plurality of spaced smooth surfaces from cement, clay, cork or any other suitable maseparated by the joints between the blocks. terial. These blocks are shown as being laid up When the material has Set as shown in Fg iii doiibie T OWS Cemposed Of SupefPOSed Courses ures 2, 3 and 4, the block surfeces W111 he enwith their Joints in staggered relatlen' cased with a hard waterproofing reinforcing lay- Before assembling the units into the wall strucer n which Strengthens the block in a manner tture' Veaqh nt is treajtd by applymg 'wii-'S Sur" similar to the case hardening of steel. Moreface a ptastlc mnmtlous matenal' Whlch may over the material in the joints between adjab? dfme l n any *''mtable mannr' as by Sprfiymg' cently disposed surfaces of these laid-up blocks dppmg lmmersmg and the llke' .Refelrmg '3.0 will form a joint '8 which will intiinately bond 'Figura 5 I have shown one manner in which this thes Surfa Ces together may be done by pi'oviding a container |3 which, AS shown in Figura' 1 a wau Constructad in if desired, may have shallow inclined bottom end i .i tliis manner will provide a plurality of spaced portions and provided with rails |4-I4 upon which the building units vmay be siid through the Vertcgl lyefs. of the treaimg n'aierai. which treating material as shown at 15, and which is gr mteglauyilnterconnected by tles folmmg the m a plastic Staw With this arrangement, the Joints between the blocks so as to form a cellular block is entirely immei'sed, so that its entire ex- Structure of great trngth and m W'hlch ifhe posed surfaces will be covered with the treating block? are encasd' lt 15 not'necesa'ry to provlde materiaL additional material ccats on the inner and outer It is preferred to use a block constructed of a fanformmg Surfas Sm th? treatmg mine- 'rather porous material so that the treating ma- Hai 15 of fine texture ang provides an ehnt terial will not only cover the block surfaces, but fimsh Coafit' of Course' lf dslred' the mtenor will also penetrate a short distance into the maand exieriOiWaii Surfaces might be pamted Or 'terial of the block in order that the treating maotherwise fimshed' Due to the Cellular contruc' teriai, upon setting, win be keyed with the biook tiOn Of my improved Wall and the encasmg Of 'pmpen the blocks therein, a waterproof structure 'results Whhe 1 have dieemsed means for immersmg and excellent insulating qualities are obtained, the meet;7 it W111 be appreeated that I do not dethese qualities being particularly desirable where sire to be limited to this particular manner of the building iS tO be e11' COnditiOnedtreating the blocks, as the blocks may be dipped, It is thOught that the improved method of sprayed, or otherwise coverecl with the treating constructing a wall according to the present in- 'meta-jet and 3150, ae in the case of how vention will be appareht without further descripblo'cks, it may be found desirable to only treat tiOn, and that it Will likeWise tbe ObViOus that the outer surfaces of the blocks, leaving the sur- '75 the features and objects as heretotore related will be attained by a wall construction and method as described herein.

The invention has been described herein more or less precisely as to details, yet it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited thereby, as changes may be made in the arrangement and proportion of parts, and equivalents may be substituted, without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.

I claim as my invention:

1. The method of constructing a wall structure from block members which comprises the steps of covering the surfaces of each block member with a cementitious material in a plastic state, assembling the blocks into a wall before the material hardens, smoothing the material on the exposed surfaces of the blocks into a. jointless wall coating, and permitting said material to harden as a band for the blocks.

2. The method of constructing a Wall having monolithic characteristics, which comprises the steps of coating and impregnating the surfaces of a plurality of blocks of relatively porous material with a Synthetic stone medium in a plastic state, assembling the blccks to form a wall while said medium is still plastic, and smoothing the medium on the exposed surfaces of said blocks, said medium upon setting forming an intimate bond between the blocks and a uniform homogeneous wall surface.

3. The method of making a building construction having monolithic characteristics, which comprises the steps of dipping blocks of relatively porous material in a bath of plastic cementitious material, assembling the dipped blocks into said building construction While said cementitious material is still plastic, working the excess cementitious material on the exposed surfaces of the blocksinto a homogeneous coating, and permitting the cementitious material between the blocks and the worked coating to harden to form a bonded building construction having smooth faces.

MICHAEL TYM. 

